Béla Pukánszky: Helping Pedagogy in the History of Education

The author studies the historical appearance of helping pedagogic attitude. In pedagogic texts dating from different periods, he tries to find the emergence of pedagogic attitudes that promote children's development. According to the analysis concerning the history of education from Socrat to Herbart, the texts referring to helping pedagogic attitude emerged (in pedagogic essays) in early times. Nevertheless, parallel with the establishment of bourgeois societies, this helping attitude was beginning to mean preparing children for the social practice of the age, also passing the strict norms regulating the mode of life. Only in pedagogic utopias expressing an extreme „wish to get away” (e. g. Emile by Rousseau) is the promotion of children's auto-creation focused on. The pedagogies of the Enlightenment (e. g. Herbart) are rather more interested in preparing children for everyday life. To ideologize all this, Herbart formulates some dignified moral ideas, like „Good Will”, „Law” and „Inner Freedom”. Reform pedagogies which entirely take children's points of view into account appeared only the turning of the 20th century.

MAGYAR PEDAGÓGIA 95. Number 3-4. 333-342. (1995)

Levelezési cím / Address for correspondence: Béla Pukánszky, Department of Education Attila József University, H – 6722 Szeged, Petőfi S. sgt. 30–34.

 
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